Islamic training; Measuring the efficiency of coercion in the institutionalization of social ethics

Document Type : پژوهشی

Author

Isfahan University of Art

Abstract

Efforts to promote social ethics in order to create a link between people in society and guide their behaviors and actions in various fields of individual and social life are among the prerequisites for a healthy collective life. Forcing society members to observe social ethics by governments in order to reduce heterogeneity caused by individual self-management can be one of the ways to achieve the aforementioned goal.
The hypothesis of this research is to answer the question that to what extent can the use of coercion help to promote ethics in social interaction? It is as follows: Considering that the language of ethics is of a recommendatory and not a descriptive nature, its value application is more efficient than the imperative type by the power institution, in realizing the goal of moralizing bio-social and institutionalizing the sense of responsibility of people.
The results of this research, show that the use of force, rather than internalizing moral principles, leads to , due to trampling of people's self-esteem due to the lack of realization of the sense of agency and willfulness in moral responsibility, Internalization of the the belief in observing the principles of ethics is hindered by the prevalence of pretending.

Keywords

Main Subjects


-The Holy Quran
- Nahj al-Balagha
 
- Arasta, M.J. (2010). Analytical foundations of the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Qom: Bostan Kitab.
 -Baniawwad, Abdelmonim H.(2022)  Teachers’ Degree of Practicing Social Responsibility at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, Educational Psychology, 7(7) . 13-30, https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.824460
-Benjamin Sachs (2013) Why Coercion is Wrong When It's Wrong, Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 91(1), 63-82, DOI: 10.1080/00048402.2011.646280
- Bos, J. ,2020, Research Ethics Step by Step. In: Research Ethics for Students in the Social Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48415-6_10
-Chahboun, N. (2023). The moral benefits of coercion: A defense  of ideal statism. Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X231178500
-Colby, Anne. (2003). Educating Citizens: Preparing America’s Undergraduates for Lives of Moral and Civic Responsibility, Published by Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint, first edition, United States of America.
-Faissner M, Braun E(2020) The ethics of coercion in mental healthcare: the role of structural racism ,Journal of Medical Ethics .Published Online First: 16 October. doi: 10.1136/jme-2023-108984
-Farmahini Farahani, M. (1999). Descriptive Dictionary of Educational Sciences, Tehran: Asrar Danesh.
- Frankel, and (1992). An unheard cry for meaning, translated by Ali Alvinia and Mostafa Tabrizi, Tehran: Yadavaran Publishing House.
- Goldner, A. (2014). Sociological Crisis of the West, translated by Farideh Mumtaz, Tehran: Publishing Company.
-Goltz SM.(2020). On Power and Freedom: Extending the Definition of Coercion. Perspect Behav Sci. Jan 6;43(1):137-156. doi: 10.1007/s40614-019-00240-z. PMID: 32440648; PMCID: PMC7198671.
- Green, R.M. (1995). "Ethics and Religion", in: Culture and Religion, edited by Mir Chaaliadeh, translated by Sadegh Larijani, Tehran: New Design Publications.
- Hakimi, M.R. (2005). Al-Hayya, translated by Ahmad Aram, fifth edition, Qom: Our reason.
- Hamilton, M. (2008). Sociology of religion, translated by Mohsen Tari, Tehran: Third publication.
-Hobbs, T. (2010). Leviathan, translated by Hossein Bashirieh, first edition, Tehran: Nashre Ney.
-Honeyman, Catherine A.(2010). Social responsibility and community development: Lessons from the Sistema de Aprendizaje Tutorial in Honduras, International Journal of Educational Development,30(6).599-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2010.02.004
- Ibn Arabi, M. (2017). Al-Futhuhat al-Makiyya, translated by Mohammad Khajawi, Tehran: Molly Publishing.
- Ibn Shuba, H. (2010). Tohaf al-Aqool on the Prophet (peace be upon him), Tahqiq Sadegh Hassanzadeh, Qom: Ale Ali (a.s.).
- Jalaiepour, H.; Mohammadi, J. (2008). Late Sociology Theories, Tehran: No Publishing House.
-J.Moya, C. (2006). Moral Responsibility, The ways of scepticism, London and New York: Routledge.
- Kadkhodaei, M.R. (1999). Jurisprudential and legal review of the rule of ta'azir for all sins. Ahl al-Bayt Jurisprudence Quarterly, 14(54), 91-142.
-Kane, Robert. (2007). “Libertarianism”. In Four Views on Free WillEd, Ernest Sosa, USA: Blackwell.
- Khamenei, S. A. (The Supreme Leader of the Revolution), statements in the gathering of students and professors of Amir Kabir University of Technology, 12/9/2000
- Koleini, M. (1407 A.H.). Kafi principles, Tehran: Dar al-Kitab al-Islamiya.
- Khawas, A. (2006). Moral philosophy (based on educational issues), Qom: Ma'arif.
- [Imam] Khomeini, R. A. (1994), Methods of Approaching to Islamic Science, 1st edition, Tehran: Imam Khomeini (R.A.) Editing and Publishing Institute.
-Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the flesh: The embodied mind and its challenge to western thought. New York: Harper Collins.
- Lederman, Daniel. Louisa, Norman and Maria, Menendez Ana, (1999). "Violent Crime: Does Social Capital Matter": 1-43, http://www .rosenet.com.
- Majlesi, M.B. (1403 A.H.). Behar al-Anwar, Beirut: Arab Heritage Center.
- Malekian, M. (2011). A way to liberation, Tehran: A contemporary view.
-Mark, K.D. & Tetlok, P.E. (2000). Accountability and close call counterfactuals, the loser who nearly won and the winner who nearly lost, Social Bulletin ,26(4). 1213-1224.
- Mesbah, M.T. (1997). Ethics in the Qur'an, Volume 1, Qom: Publications of Imam Khomeini Research Institute.
- Mesbah Yazdi, M.T. (2008), Moral Philosophy, research and writing by Ahmad Hossein Sharifi, Tehran: Islamic Propaganda Organization
- Mir Kamali, M. (2007). Ethics and social responsibility in educational management, two quarterly journals of psychology and educational sciences. 33(1) 221-201.
- Molavi, J. (2016). Koliat Masnavi, first volume, Tehran: Islamia.
-Molewijk, B., Kok, A., Husum, T. et al.(2017). Staff’s normative attitudes towards coercion: the role of moral doubt and professional context—across-sectional survey study. BMC Med Ethics 18( 37).45-70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-017-0190-0
- Momtaz, F. (2004) Introduction of class from Bourdieu's point of view, Research paper on humanities. 10(42-41) No. 42-41, 160-149.
-Motamadi, A. (2012). Desirable lifestyle based on communication perspective, Culture Quarterly of Counseling and Psychotherapy. 4(13), 125-142.
-Narvaes . D. (2006).Integrative Ethical Education in M. Killen & J.Smetana(Eds.). Handbook of Moral Development.Mahwah.Nj: Erlbaum.
-Narvaes . D. &J. Rest (1995) Four components of Acting Morally .In Moral Behaviour and Moral Development.An Introduction(Ed). W. Kurtines & J.Gewirtz.385- 400
-Narvaez, D., & Lapsley, D. (2005). The psychological foundations of everyday morality and moral expertise. In D. Lapsley & Power, C. (Eds.), Character Psychology and Character Education (pp. 140-165). Notre Dame: IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
-Narvaez, D., (2010). Moral Complexity: The Fatal Attraction of Truthiness and the Importance of Mature Moral Functioning. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 5(2) 163-181
-Narvaez, D. (2008). Human Florishing and Moral Development: Cognitive and Neorobiological Perspectives off Virtue Development. In L. P. Nucci & D. Narvaez (Eds.). Handbook of Moral and Character Education (pp. 310 327). New York: Routledge
 
-Narvaez, D., Rest. J.1995.The four components of acting morally. In W. Kurtines & J. Gewirtz(Eds.). Moral Behavior and Moral Development: An Introduction (pp. 385 400). New York:McGraw-Hill.
- Nussbaum,M.C(1999).Sex & Social Justice,New York,Oxford University Press.
-Nyirenda, D., Sariola S., Kingori, P. et al. Structural coercion in the context of community engagement in global health research conducted in a low resource setting in Africa. BMC Med Ethics .21(50).75-94. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-020-00530-1
- Ojaghi, N. (2016). Religion and its influence on moral behavior. Marafet Monthly. 16(118), 17-29.
-Pereboom, D.(2003). “Source Incompatibilism and Alternate Possibilities”, In Moral Resposibility and Alternate Possibilities, Eds.David Widerker and Michael Mckenna, USA: Ashgata.
- Qomi, A. (1402 A.H.). Safina Al-Bihar and Medina Al-Hakam and Al-Athar, with the adaptation of the texts in it, Ali Bihar Al-Anwar, vol. 2, Tehran: Farahani.
- Rest, J. (1983). Morality. In J. Flavell & E. (Eds.). Markman Cognitive Development, Manual of Child Psychology (4th ed., vol. 3). P. Mussen, (pp. 556 629). New York: John Wiley and Sons.
- Sayyah, A. (2008). New comprehensive collection (Arabic-Persian illustrated), Tehran: Islam.
-Silva, M. (2015). A systematic review of Foresight in Project Management literature. Procedia Computer Science, 64(11), 792-799.
- Soroush, M. (2011). The sense of individual and social responsibility, altruism and social trust in the study of Shiraz teenagers, Applied Sociology Quarterly (Isfahan University Humanities Research Journal. 23(46), pp. 193-211.
-Snarey, J. (1985). The cross-cultural universality of social-moral development. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 202- 232.
- Spector, (2013). Power and sovereignty in Western thought, translated by Abbas Bagheri, first edition, Tehran: Nashrani.
- Thoma, S. J. (1994). Moral judgment and moral action. In J. R. Rest & D. Narvaez (Eds.), Moral development in the professions: Psychology and applied ethics (pp. 199- 212). Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
- Zandi, Kh. (2014). The relationship between ethical leadership and social responsibility (case study of Sanandaj administrative site employees), Applied Sociology Quarterly (Isfahan University Humanities Research Journal). 26(60), 222-213.
- Vahabi.M.(2016) DESTRUCTIVE POWER, ENFORCEMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE. Journal of Economics and Business .9(1). 59-89.
- Vojdani, F. (2014). The position of implicit and indirect learning in ethics education, Scientific-Research Quarterly, Nameh Akhlaq. 7(26) 58-47.
-Ztomka, P. (2004). Trust, a sociological theory, translated by Fatemeh Pizar, Tabriz: Translator's Publishing House.