Recognizing the topic of Waraʿ(righteousness) in the fiqh Al-Ma'rafa and Al-Aqeedah, the fiqh Al-Akhlāq, and the fiqh Al-'Amal, based on the Narrations

Document Type : پژوهشی

Authors

1 Assistant professor of Theology and Islamic thought, Faculty of Islamic Sciences and Researches, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

2 Masumieh Qom Institute of Higher Education, Qom, Iran

Abstract

The topic of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) is the behavior of those charged with a duty, despite the differences in the comprehensiveness of this topic among Muslim scholars, is based on someone’s theory, including the fiqh Al-Ma'rafa and Al-Aqeedah, the fiqh al-akhlāq, and the fiqh al-'Amal. Regardless of different ideas in the origin of the issue, the other meanings of Waraʿ (righteousness) in the context of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) as the qualities of a judge, a Mujtahid, and also, the wideness of meanings in the narrations can be proposed in the areas mentioned above and is the subject of a jurisprudential hukm. This paper uses the content analyzing method to answer this question: By considering the relation of Waraʿ (righteousness) with other words in the narrations, is Waraʿ (righteousness) the topic of the fiqh Al-Ma'rafa and Al-Aqeedah, the fiqh al-akhlāq, and the fiqh al-'Amal? The statistical population of 346 hadiths was coded by using the MAXQDA2020. Limiting Waraʿ (righteousness) to the fiqh Al-Ma'rafa and Al-Aqeedah and the fiqh al-akhlāq is not correct, as evidenced by the existence of multiple narrations of Waraʿ (righteousness) is an action or equal to it in that sense. So, Waraʿ (righteousness) has been included in the fiqh al-'Amal. Restricting the scope of Waraʿ (righteousness) to the chapters on judgments, ijtihad, Taqlid (imitation), and prayer in the fiqh al-'Amal is not enough, but Waraʿ (righteousness) must be included in the chapter on ritual acts of worship, as well as descriptions of the imam of the congregation, and has been the obligatory descriptions of the people, both Muqallid and Mujtahid. Finally, Waraʿ (righteousness) and the positive words accompanying it in the hadiths will be the subject of the fiqh Al-Ma'rafa and Al-Aqeedah if it has an epistemological description. If it goes out of the cognitive stage and does not appear in human actions and behavior, it will be in the field of the fiqh al-akhlāq. Finally, if it is presented in the form of human behavior and action, it is necessary to look for its hukm in the fiqh Al-'Amal.

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